Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd is characterised by poorly reversible airflow obstruction and an abnormal inflammatory response in the lungs. Malaise, weight loss, fatigability, and retrosternal burning with cough are common in the moderately severe case. Your body tries to shift this extra mucus through coughing. Pathogenesis, pathophysiology and clinical features. Acute bronchitis is defined as a selflimiting lower respiratory tract infection, to distinguish this condition from common colds and other upper respiratory ailments.
More than 90% of people with the disease smoke or used to smoke. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd is a common and important group of conditions characterised by airflow. The two main copd conditions are chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Cigarette smoke, industrial gases, motor vehicle exhaust et.
According to recent statistics, chronic bronchitis. It has numerous clinical consequences, including an. Exposure to other inhaled irritants can contribute to chronic bronchitis. Definition chronic airflow obstruction due to chronic. As the disease progresses, it can be hard to breathe out exhale or even breathe in inhale. Prolonged or recurrent injury to the lining causes. Though a breakdown of copd into emphysema and chronic bronchitis is helpful, typically. Antibiotics dont kill viruses, so this type of medication isnt useful in most cases of bronchitis. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd remains a major public health problem.
Chronic bronchitis cb is a common but variable phenomenon in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd. Chronic bronchitis cb is a common but variable phenomenon in. Being the third largest cause of worldwide mortality and showing a steeply rising trend in global prevalence, copd is likely to emerge as the most important disease for the physicians to manage. So we have over production of mucous, such that the body cannot clear it too much of a good thing, thats when we have chronic bronchitis. Bronchitis causes most often, the same viruses that give you a cold or the flu cause. Acute bronchitis is usually caused by a virus and often occurs after an upper respiratory infection. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or copd, is a group of chronic lung diseases that makes breathing difficult. The cause of chronic bronchitis is usually longterm exposure to irritants that damage your lungs and airways. Chest radiography should be reserved for use in patients whose physical examination suggests pneumonia or heart failure, and in patients who would be at high risk if the diagnosis were delayed. During this lecture zach walks you through the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd. The most common cause of chronic bronchitis is cigarette smoking. In the united states, cigarette smoke is the main cause. This can block the airflow through the lungs and may damage the lungs. There is a strong causal association with smoking and is very often secondary to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd.
Other things that raise your chances for it include. Chronic bronchitis chronic bronchitis is a chronic inflammation of the bronchi mediumsize airways in the lungs. Bronchitis bronchitis is swelling of the lining of the large airways called bronchi in the lungs. So chronic bronchitis is basically too much of a good thing. Chronic bronchitis is a longterm disease of the lungs. Although bronchitis may start out as an acute condition, when it recurs repeatedly over 2 years, the diagnosis changes to chronic bronchitis. Global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease world health. Pipe, cigar, and other types of tobacco smoke can also cause chronic bronchitis, especially if you inhale them. Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchi in the lungs that causes coughing. Chronic bronchitis is the most frequent basis for mild hemoptysis.
Smoking is the most common cause of chronic bronchitis. The pathophysiology of the respiratory system simple nursing. It is the fourth leading cause of chronic morbidity and mortality in the. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd is a major public health problem that is projected to rank fifth worldwide in terms of disease burden and third in. Copd is a group of lung diseases that make it hard to breathe. Chronic bronchitis is a type of copd chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. When dyspnea andor wheezing are present, chronic bronchitis. Acute bronchitis symptoms, diagnosis and treatment bmj. Chronic bronchitis is different from acute bronchitis in that it involves a cough that lasts for at least 3 months, 2 years in a row. Copd overview and pathophysiology part i armando hasudungan. Many of these changes interfere with mucociliary function. With chronic bronchitis, your cough lasts for at least 3 months and comes back at least 2 years in a row.
Chronic bronchitis pathophysiology video khan academy. It is generally considered one of the two forms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd, the other being emphysema. Longterm exposure to irritants can result in permanent damage to the airways, which is referred to as chronic bronchitis. It usually starts with an infection in the nose or throat which then travels to the bronchial tubes. Chronic bronchitis is a disease of the bronchi that is manifested by cough and sputum expectoration occurring on most days for at least 3 months of the year and for at least 2 consecutive years when other respiratory or cardiac causes for the chronic. Criner 1division of pulmonary and critical care medicine, department of medicine, temple university school of medicine, philadelphia, pennsylvania chronic bronchitis. The pathophysiology of chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Diagnosis and management of acute bronchitis american. Global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease pdf. Chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary. Among other things, chronic bronchitis is called smokers bronchitis, simple bronchitis, purulent bronchitis, cigaret cough or morning cough.
Signs and symptoms are cough and sputum production the most common symptoms, wheezing, shortness of breath, and fatigue. Risk factors and pathophysiology of chronic obstructive. Many different chronic diseases may occur in the same patient e. Chronic bronchitis refers to longstanding inflammation of the bronchial tree accompanied by deep cough and sputum production. Chronic bronchitis is an inflammation of the upper respiratory system and the passageways of the lungs. Outline definition etiology epidemiology pathophysiology cli i lclinical pttipresentation diagnosis prevention treatment. Bronchitis overview diagnosis experience acute bronchitis is the sudden onset of inflammation in the major airways bronchial tubes of the lungs. Although there are several different types of bronchitis, the most common are acute and chronic. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd is a type of obstructive lung disease. Pathology, pathogenesis, and pathophysiology the bmj. Specifically, zach goes into great detail on the two.
Chronic bronchitis symptoms of bronchitis medlineplus. Chronic bronchitis gist damage to air ways caused mainly by chemicals sources. The importance of chronic bronchitis in chronic obstructive. Certain fumes, like hairspray if you work in a hair salon or house paint if youre a building contractor. This continuing irritation causes ongoing inflammation of the airway walls,which leads to structural changes, including hyperplasia increased number and hypertrophy increased size. A person with copd may have obstructive bronchiolitis bronkeeohliteis, emphysema, or a combination of both conditions.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd is a progressive lung condition that causes narrowing of the bronchial tubes in the lungs sometimes called. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd emphysema and bronchitis are two types of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that are primarily caused by chronic smoking. A person with copd may have obstructive bronchiolitis bronkeeohliteis. This continuing irritation causes ongoing inflammation of the airway.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd is a major public health problem that is projected to rank fifth worldwide in terms of disease burden and third in terms of mortality. Bronchitis pathophysiology bronchitis functional changes. And of course itis just means its being irritated, and bronch refers to the lungs. Early in the disease, people with copd may feel short of breath when they exercise. Most cases of acute bronchitis develop when an infection causes the bronchi to become irritated and inflamed, which causes them to produce more mucus than usual. Chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Acute bronchitis lasts 2 to 4 weeks and can be treated. Causes and treatment 5 misdiagnosed as suffering from asthma despite ample evidence that there is a variable airflow limitation. Soreness in the chest fatigue feeling tired mild headache mild body aches watery eyes sore throat. Copd is an umbrella term for several chronic lung diseases. Chronic bronchitis is associated with excessive tracheobronchial mucus production sufficient to cause cough with expectoration for 3 or more months a year for at least 2 consecutive years. It is a progressive condition, meaning that it gets. The alveolar epithelium is both the target and the initiator of inflammation in chronic bronchitis.
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